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Manual / guideAfrikinis kiaulių maras šernuose
Ekologija ir biologinis saugumas
2020Afrikinis kiaulių maras (AKM) yra mirtina hemoraginė virusinė liga, kuria serga bet kokio amžiaus ir lyties naminės kiaulės ir šernai. Ši liga sukelia didelius ekonominius nuostolius, kelia grėsmę maisto saugai ir prekybai, bei kelia rimtų iššūkių tvariam kiaulių auginimui paveiktose šalyse. Nuo 2007 m. Gruzijoje atsiradus AKM, liga išplito daugelyje Europos šalių, o 2018 m. ji buvo nustatyta Kinijoje, kurioje yra didžiausias auginamų naminių kiaulių kiekis. Iki 2019 m. rugpjūčio mėn. AKM išplito Kinijoje ir už jos ribų, į Mongoliją, Vietnamą, Kambodžą, Laosą ir Mianmarą. Kur tik šernų populiacijos yra paveikiamos, AKM kontrolė ir jo išnaikinimas tampa rimtu iššūkiu veterinarijos tarnyboms, nes AKM yra įgavęs tarpvalstybinį ir daugiasektorinį pobūdį, taip pat ir dėl sudėtingų šernų ir naminių kiaulių sąsajų. Patirties stoka valdant laukines ir paveiktas populiacijas dar labiau padidina riziką, kad virusas šernuose taps endeminiu, todėl jo išnaikinimas naminių kiaulių populiacijose bus dar sudėtingesnis. Šiame leidinyje apžvelgiami epidemiologiniai ypatumai ir ekologija bei aprašomos tam tikros naujos patirtys Europoje, taikant prevencines šios šernų ligos priemones ir ją kontroliuojant. -
Manual / guideMapping of salt-affected soils – Technical manual 2020
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Salt-affected soils such as saline or sodic soils are distributed in all continents at various levels of problem intensity. They are soils with high amounts of soluble salts and/or sodium ions. An updated information of their distribution and drivers is a first step towards their sustainable management. This book provides technical guidelines and approach for developing a harmonized multiscale soil information of salt-affected soils. The book is organized into three sections covering seven chapters. The sections are sequentially arranged but independently designed to benefit focused readership who may want to go straight to any section. Section 1 gives the background information. It has three chapters covering existing literature on the characteristics and mapping methods for salt problems in the soil. It is intended to illustrate the basic concepts, linkage of the characteristics of salt-affected soils with input data requirements for their mapping, existing classification methods, and global distribution of these soils. Section 2 covers the methodological procedures for developing multiscale spatial information of salt-affected soils. It has two chapters describing requirements, input data preparation, and the procedural steps for developing spatial information of salt-affected soils. It outlines how data from different sources and characteristics are harmonized and integrated to produce information of salt-affected soils. Section 3 covers information sharing and resources mobilization when developing information on salt-affected soils. It gives the guidelines for preparing spatial maps and steps for value-addition to benefit end-users of the information. It also contains a generic training program for building technical capacity for mapping salt-affected -
Technical studyMarine Spatial Planning for Enhanced Fisheries and Aquaculture Sustainability 2016
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No results found.This document provides a clear and comprehensive account for the application of marine spatial planning (MSP) within the Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI) region. It builds on regional technical workshops, held under the auspices of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), aimed principally at improving the prospects for fisheries and aquaculture in the Near East. Marine spatial planning provides a step-by-step process that allows for the cooperative integrati on of the major marine uses and users within a defined marine area. These ordered procedures allow all stakeholders to work towards ensuring the long-term sustainability of identified marine activities. The principles of the ecosystem approach to both fisheries and aquaculture can readily be incorporated into the process. The output of MSP is the development of a plan that addresses any potentially conflicting uses of the sea, thus enabling the strategic, forward-looking planning for the regulat ion, zoning, management, protection and sustainability of the marine environment. MSP can best function if it includes continuing reinforcement and adjustments of learned experiences over a long time period. The document includes three important annexes. The first includes the main recommendations concerning the adoption of marine spatial planning taken from the RECOFI (FAO) Cairo workshop in 2012. The second describes the types of marine activities that must be considered, their relative import ance to the national economy and to the sustainability of the marine environment. The third annex provides a comprehensive listing of additional information about MSP, including worldwide examples where MSP has been applied under varied local conditions at highly variable geographic scales.
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