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Foodborne antimicrobial resistance

Compendium of Codex standards














FAO and WHO. 2023. Foodborne antimicrobial resistance – Compendium of Codex standards. First revision. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome.





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    This is the second instalment in a 6-part series that highlights the successes of the FAO-implemented and Republic of Korea-funded Action to support implementation of Codex AMR Texts (ACT) project. This success story focuses on the establishment by the Government of the Plurinational State of Bolivia of a multisectoral committee that will assess the country's needs in combatting the threat of foodborne AMR.
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    Built around a concise, modular questionnaire, the FAO Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods (RVDF) Tool assesses countries’ capacity to analyse and monitor residues of veterinary drugs, including antimicrobials, in foods. The Tool encourages respondents to consider strengthening their capacity to collect residue data relevant to antimicrobial resistence (AMR) management in addition to the core assessment on the basic compliance monitoring capacities for residues. Often, the situation is more positive than countries think. Inspired by the structure of FAO’s Assessment Tool for Laboratories and AMR Surveillance Systems (FAO-ATLASS) tool for AMR surveillance, the RVDF Tool includes separate modules that can beused independently to evaluate national, university or private laboratories. This modular design allows countries to identify specific capacity gaps — even in the absence of a centralized monitoring infrastructure. The Tool is also been useful to donor countries.The success of the RVDF Tool lies in its alignment with the One Health approach. Addressing veterinary drug residues and AMR effectively requires coordinated action across food safety, animal health, environmental protection, and public health. The RVDF Tool encourages this multisectoral collaboration by supporting stakeholder mapping and engagement, helping countries develop integrated, sustainable solutions.
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    Antimicrobial resistance is recognized as an urgent global health threat. Because it spreads through various routes, including food, human medicine and the environment, AMR containment needs a commitment at the highest levels to a collective, One Health approach. Codex AMR texts are recognized as a key resource for governments to monitor the threat of AMR in food, and to ensure its spread is reduced and contained to the extent possible. This article outlines the importance placed by the international community on the Codex AMR texts. The Codex Alimentarius is the collection of standards, guidelines and codes of practice adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission to protect consumer health and facilitate fair practices in the food trade. These texts can only protect consumers and facilitate fair trade practices when they are implemented. In this and similar stories, we detail examples of how Codex Members make use of Codex texts and the value they place in Codex work.

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