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Technical bookImproving social protection for rural populations in Europe and Central Asia
Priorities for FAO
2022Also available in:
FAO’s Strategic Framework (2022–2031) envisages the transformation to more efficient, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable agrifood systems for better production, better nutrition, a better environment, and a better life, leaving no one behind. In this scope, FAO promotes inclusive economic growth by reducing inequalities between urban and rural areas, rich and poor countries, men and women to attain a better life for all. This report analyses the specific risks and vulnerabilities faced by rural populations in Europe and Central Asia. It highlights the gaps and barriers concerning social protection in the region, which present challenges for addressing the specific vulnerabilities of rural populations and helping them to better manage risks. The report discusses how social protection programmes should be designed and financed to contribute to more inclusive rural transformation processes, improved nutrition and dietary outcomes, women’s empowerment, and other social issues such as child labour. In this scope, the report specifies key entry points for FAO to improve social protection for rural populations in the region. The report concludes that, especially in the post-pandemic period, expanding the coverage, adequacy and comprehensiveness of social protection for rural populations is key to addressing food security and nutrition, rural poverty, developing agriculture, and building resilient and sustainable food systems in Europe and Central Asia. -
Technical bookGender equality, social protection and rural development in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Insights from the region
2016Also available in:
This publication is a collection of articles written by economists, sociologists, and gender specialists and practitioners from twelve post-Soviet countries in Eastern Europe, South Caucasus and Central Asia. It is unique in its effort to review and analyze the issues that are at the intersection of gender equality, social protection and rural development in the region. Overall, there is a lack of research, documented knowledge and public discourse on this subject and a multi-disciplinary approa ch is necessary for ensuring an in-depth and rigorous understanding of these intersecting issues in the context of the region. In supporting this publication, the FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia intends to draw attention to these issues as critical for the socio-economic development of the region, and raise greater awareness among all stakeholders and promote more research in this area. One of the main reasons why this subject remains on the periphery of research and discourse is the widespread public opinion that issues relating to gender have already been addressed and are, therefore, not priorities for rural development and social protection. Indeed, in the post-Soviet countries, women, including those located in rural areas, continue to enjoy relatively high levels of literacy and education and high economic activity rates. Furthermore, all countries, in an effort to sustain the achievements of the previous regime, have recognized the formal supremacy of internation al legal norms and UN standards, including in the area of gender equality and women’s rights. They have also been developing and implementing national policies towards achieving gender equality. However, if we look beyond the average numbers, and disaggregate available statistics by sex and by location wherever possible, we can see that in critical areas (for example, formal employment; access to social services such as childcare facilities and pensions; and participation in local governance, am ong others), rural women often emerge as the most disadvantaged group. There are also key issues, for example, access to productive resources (such as land, credits, agricultural equipment and extension services) that are of crucial importance to rural livelihoods but are not commonly viewed from a gender perspective. Across the region, women form a majority in the rural population, and a significant proportion of the labour force engaged in agriculture. However, the overarching trend in terms o f rural women’s employment is their engagement in informal, low-skilled and low-paid jobs. Women’s access to assets and productive resources is also significantly lower than that of rural men’s. Rural women’s participation in public life has reduced dramatically over the last decades, and generous social welfare is no longer a social norm. -
Manual / guideForest pest contingency plan guidelines for Europe and Central Asia 2024
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Pest contingency plans (PCP) are used by national or regional plant protection organizations to ensure a plan is in place for when a new pest is detected in a particular country or region, and thus to facilitate a rapid and effective response to manage the situation. This guide outlines and discusses the elements and steps needed to formulate and implement a contingency plan for key forest pests in Europe and Central Asia. This effort is complemented by FAO’s Forest Invasive Species Network for Europe and Central Asia (REUFIS), which aims to facilitate knowledge exchange, promote good practices, and build capacities related to forest invasive species, including the prevention and management of emerging pests.Suggestions are provided on the main steps, or elements, in a PCP for forests pests. The guidelines highlight the main information that should be included for a robust plan that can be activated in response to a new report of a pest or a pest outbreak, for example from official surveillance, reports from the public, or to an interception by an importing country. The report provides a step-by-step guide on developing an effective PCP tailored to specific needs. For some of the steps, examples are provided on the details that would be included for specific pests. These pests are the emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis, a potential insect pest introduction into parts of Europe and Central Asia; the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, native to many parts of Europe and Asia, but where outbreaks can cause substantial tree mortality; and pitch canker Fusarium circinatum, a potential fungal pathogen introduction into parts of Europe and Central Asia. Most of the content of the guide is relevant for the development of PCPs across different regions. However, the examples provided are specific to Europe and Central Asia.
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