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BrochureMaking extension and advisory services nutrition-sensitive
The link between agriculture and human nutrition
2021Also available in:
Human nutrition is vital for agriculture. Many smallholder farmers are food-insecure and suffer chronic or acute forms of malnutrition. This can permanently harm the physical and cognitive growth of children, while reducing productivity as household members are less able to carry out agricultural work. Agriculture is vital for human nutrition. Nutrition has long been considered mostly a health issue. However, agriculture plays an essential role in ensuring nutritional wellbeing not only for rural populations, but also for society as a whole. Beyond producing food in sufficient quantity, agri-food systems should also:- provide diversified, safe and nutritious foods;
- improve rural incomes and resilience, and thus enhance access to healthy diets;
- make foods that contribute to healthy diets available and accessible at national and sub-national levels.
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Technical bookTowards gender-responsive agricultural extension services in Albania
Assessment report
2024Also available in:
No results found.This publication assesses the extent, progress and challenges of providing gender-responsive agricultural extension services in Albania based on the FAO Gender and Rural Advisory Services Assessment Tool (GRAST) methodology. Even though agriculture is an important sector of the economy that accounts for 36 percent of overall employment in the country, informality is high and the engagement of low-skilled rural women in labour intensive activities is significant. Women in the context of family farms, are often considered to be unpaid “farm helpers”. This assessment identifies the key gaps at national, organizational and field levels that hinder the achievement of the relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the country’s progress towards inclusive and sustainable agrifood systems. In particular, the absence of evidence-based and sex-disaggregated data does not allow developing gender responsive services driven by a sound understanding of the gender-specific barriers that prevent farmers from accessing and benefiting from such services. Moreover, the lack of well-articulated and mainstreamed gender and social inclusion policies for targeting and reaching diverse women and men clients reduces progress towards national goals and commitments. Addressing rural women’s access to information, knowledge and services is essential for ensuring gender equality, reaching farm efficiency, sustainability and productivity, and contributing to the enhancement of livelihoods. -
Technical bookGender-responsive digital extension and advisory services in Bangladesh and India 2025
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No results found.Digital technologies are rapidly transforming how agricultural knowledge and services are delivered, offering promising avenues to bridge gaps in access to information, markets, and decision-making for rural populations. In South Asia, particularly in Bangladesh and India, digital extension and advisory services (EAS) are increasingly being adopted to support smallholder farmers. However, these innovations often fail to adequately account for gender-based disparities in access, use, and benefit. This risks the further exclusion of women from agrifood system opportunities.Despite their central role in agriculture, rural women in both countries continue to face systemic challenges, including limited land ownership, low digital literacy, mobility restrictions, and social norms that hinder their participation in extension services. The gender digital divide, which is further widened by lower mobile phone ownership and internet use among women, remains a major barrier to realizing the full potential of digital EAS in supporting equitable and inclusive agricultural development.This study examines the gender responsiveness of digital extension and advisory services in Bangladesh and India. It draws on literature reviews, stakeholder surveys, and field research with women farmers and service providers. By applying a conceptual framework that evaluates five dimensions (access, relevance, needs assessment, intentionality, and learning mechanisms), the study analyzes both enabling environments and practical interventions that shape women’s digital engagement in agriculture.
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