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Inclusive rural transformations in Latin America

Reassessing and planning under pressures and constraints













Updated 19/03/2025, see corrigendum.

Last updated 08/07/2025.


Beduschi, L.C., Faret, P. & Hadad, M.I. 2025. Inclusive rural transformations in Latin America – Reassessing and planning under pressures and constraints. FAO Inclusive Agrifood Systems Working Papers, No. 2. Rome, FAO.




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    Since the land reforms of the 1990s, dualistic farm structures characterize the landscape of most transition countries in Europe and Central Asia, with large numbers of small subsistence and semi commercial family farms. Poverty, social vulnerability and other difficulties could prevent rural communities from fulfilling their role as important building blocks of food security. By enhancing productivity and income levels through sustainable intensification of production, better organization, ade quate services and integration into agrifood value chains, this Regional Initiative can contribute to the global goals of eradicating rural poverty and achieving food security and sustainable growth. Activities focus on sustainable management of agricultural land and water resources; sustainable intensification of smallholders’ production; strengthening the organizations of small producers and family farms; and enhancing access to rural services – such as advisory services and micro-loans.
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    This paper examines the role of natural resources in fostering resilient and inclusive rural transformation. It reviews land and water availability for agriculture, highlighting the reliance of poor and vulnerable rural communities on these resources. As land degradation, climate change, and competition intensify, current agricultural models face limits in supporting inclusive development. The paper proposes four complementary pathways for improved natural resource management: enhancing resource use efficiency, promoting diversification, developing a sustainable bioeconomy, and applying integrated landscape approaches. These require inclusive governance, clear rights, and coordinated policies and investments to balance trade-offs and ensure equitable, adaptive use of natural resources.

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