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Technical bookGeographic information – Classification systems: Land Use Meta Language (LUML)
Part 3: ISO 19144-3:2024 (Edition 1)
2025Also available in:
No results found.The ISO 19144-3 – land use meta language (LUML) was prepared jointly by FAO, Technical Committee of ISO i.e., Technical Committee 211 (TC211) on Geographic information/Geomatics, and European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 287. This document specifies a Land Use Meta Language (LUML) expressed as a UML metamodel that allows different land use classification systems to be described. This document recognizes that there are a number of land use classification systems in existence. It provides a common reference structure for the comparison and integration of data for any generic land use classification system, but does not intend to replace those classification systems. This document complements ISO 19144-2 on Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) and can be used independently to describe land use or together with ISO 19144-2 to describe a combined land cover land use.FAO acknowledges with deep appreciation the exceptional permission granted by ISO to continue republishing the current editions of the ISO 19144 series as FAO publications. This unique arrangement underscores the spirit of mutual trust and collaboration between the two organizations, ensuring wider and equitable access to these essential standards by Member Nations, technical partners and practitioners around the world. -
Technical bookGeographic information – Classification systems: Land Cover Meta Language (LCML)
Part 2: ISO 19144-2:2023 (Edition 2)
2025Also available in:
No results found.The ISO 19144-2 – land cover meta language (LCML) is prepared jointly by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Technical Committee of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) i.e., Technical Committee 211 (TC211) on Geographic information/Geomatics. This document specifies a Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) expressed as a UML metamodel that allows different Land Cover classification systems to be described based on physiognomic aspects. This document recognizes that a number of Land Cover classification systems exist. It provides a common reference structure for the comparison and integration of data for any generic Land Cover classification system, but does not intend to replace those classification systems.FAO acknowledges with deep appreciation the exceptional permission granted by ISO to continue republishing the current editions of the ISO 19144 series as FAO publications. This unique arrangement underscores the spirit of mutual trust and collaboration between the two organizations, ensuring wider and equitable access to these essential standards by Member Nations, technical partners and practitioners around the world. -
Technical bookLibyan Land Cover Reference System 2023
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No results found.Land use is an essential component for many areas, from water management to agriculture, from the fight against desertification to that against climate change. The detection of changes in land cover allows a better understanding of the state and dynamics of natural resources and, to a certain extent, of their use. However, the legends used to describe land cover often have many inconsistencies and this limits their use and the sustainability of land cover monitoring efforts. The establishment of a common land cover classification system is one of the solutions identified to ensure consistency between maps prepared by different organizations. Also, with the establishment of an international standard for the development of land cover classification systems (ISO 19144-2), it is possible to use a national reference system and derive legends from it of land use that are interoperable. This facilitates the use of the same card for different objectives, forestry or agricultural, as well as for the assessment of ecosystem functions, the assessment biodiversity, the carbon cycle and many others. Many land cover maps have been established for Libya, but, as in most countries the legends were developed for very specific purposes, they are not interoperable and their use for the evaluation of temporal changes is greatly limited. The government can establish a national land cover classification system, which allows interoperability and an integration, whether for local applications (for example that collected by the teams of field) or national.The objective of this document is to present the land cover reference system for Libya. The main aim of this reference system is to provide a common framework so that experts and land cover communities can generate their own legend and classes depending on their objective in Libya. This land cover reference system is based on Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) ISO-based standards. The rules that characterize each node in LCML are controlled by a specific object-based rule that is fully documented and explained in the publication. This publication is the result of collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Libyan Centre for Remote Sensing and Space Science and University of Tripoli.
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