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Technical studyDairy Development in Morocco 2011
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No results found.Over the last five decades the global dairy sector has seen substantive changes with major intensification, scaling-up and efficiency of production driven by demand from a growing human population and disposal incomes. This growth was achievable through the developments in animal breeding, nutrition, feed efficiency, animal health, housing and automation and supporting policies, strategies and organizations. Such changes are not however reflected across the whole dairy sector and while some deve loping countries have seen a major expansion in small-scale milk production, small-scale dairying in other countries has largely stagnated. Dairying contributes positively to human wellbeing in a variety of different ways: nutrition through quality food products, income and employment, organic fertilizer as well as assets and savings. There are however negative aspects associated with dairying including its contribution to Green House Gases, pollution and waste disposal, food safety and human he alth, use of grains for feed, animal welfare and erosion of biodiversity. In order to inform the public and to make rational policy and investment decisions related to the dairy sector, it is essential to fully understand these complex interactions and their consequences. This paper provides a review of these issues for the dairy sector of Morocco. We hope this paper will provide accurate and useful information to its readers and any feedback is welcome by the author and the Livestock Producti on Systems Branch (AGAS) or to the Rural Infrastructure and Agro-Industries Division (AGS) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). -
Technical studyDairy development in Kazakhstan
Dairy Reports
2011Also available in:
No results found.The Republic of Kazakhstan is the world’s ninth largest country and has one of its fastest growing economies, based largely on oil and gas production and mineral extraction. Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) increased from USD 1 260 in 2000 to USD 6 140 in 20081, with agriculture contributing 6.2 percent, services 51.9 percent and industry 41.9 percent2. The share of livestock production within agriculture’s 6.2 percent of GDP is increasing steadily, and currently stands at 45 percent, o f which the dairy sector contributes 38 percent and other livestock sectors 62 percent. With 47 percent of the total population living in rural areas, where many lack access to cropland but can send their livestock to communal pastures, it is clear that livestock plays a major role in the livelihood strategies of the population Kazakhstan has a continental climate, with hot dry summers and cold to extremely cold winters. Most areas outside the mountainous east, south and north are semi-arid to arid. Of the country’s land area, 69 percent is classified as rangeland, consisting of deserts, semi-deserts and steppes. Arable land covers only 11 percent and agricultural production is possible only with irrigation. The water for this comes from neighbouring countries, and is governed by bilateral and regional agreements; there is increasing tension over water-related issues in the region. Irrigated agriculture is mainly in the south; with the north depending on dryland farming and large-s cale intensive livestock production. During the Soviet years, wheat production and dairying in central parts of the country depended on high levels of external inputs, and this region is now used for extensive livestock production systems based on natural pastures for grazing and hay production. The end of the Soviet era brought major changes to the agriculture sector, which is still adjusting. The following chapter explains the effects of these changes on modes of producing, processing and ma rketing dairy products in Kazakhstan. It also describes Government policies for dairy development, which have recently been gathered into a Dairy Development Master Plan. This review is a follow-up to and utilizes information and findings from a dairy subsector study prepared by the FAO Investment Centre as part of a series of four subsector studies (FAO TCIN, 2010). This review summarizes the findings from the subsector study and provides additional information on the development of the dairy sector including camels/ mares milk production and the agro-ecological, social and institutional environment. The review concludes with the author’s views on the way forward for the Kazakhstan dairy sector. -
Technical studyDairy development in Pakistan
Dairy Reports
2011Also available in:
No results found.This report analyses the situation and development of the dairy sector in Pakistan based on literature review, statistical data and the information collected for the project “Assistance in up-scaling dairy development in Pakistan” (TCP/PAK/3004). Chapter 1 gives a synopsis of the contribution to the economy of livestock, in general, and of milk in particular. It provides an overview of the dairy production systems in the country, and includes up-to-date data on livestock population, annual mil k production and annual yields, along with imports of milk, and consumer preferences. It also presents a summary of the dairy sector’s contribution to the national economy. Chapter 2 discusses the environmental consequences of dairy production, and the level of understanding and awareness of these. Chapter 3 outlines the importance of dairy production and its critical role in the economy of poor households. It highlights current development trends and programmes in the pipeline for the improvement of dairy production in Pakistan. Chapter 4 reviews major food safety issues associated with the dairy supply chain in Pakistan. It also presents food safety legislation and regulation, enforcement, and the limitations in this area. Chapter 5 identifies several public and private sector institutions and the institutional arrangements that serve different components of dairy development. Chapter 6 provides an in-depth analysis of the dairy value chain, including production, bulki ng and cooling, processing and packaging, transport, and distribution and retailing. Chapter 7 draws conclusions from the study and suggests recommendations based on the findings.
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