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A Cross Country Comparison of Rural Income Generating Activities








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    Working paper
    Rural Income Generating Activities: A Cross Country Comparison 2007
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    This paper uses a newly constructed cross country database composed of comparable variables and aggregates from household surveys to examine the full range of income generating activities carried out by rural households in order to determine: 1) the relative importance of the gamut of income generating activities in general and across wealth categories; 2), the relative importance of diversification versus specialization at the household level; 3) the relationship between key household assets an d the participation in and income earned from these activities; and 4) the influence of rural income generating activities on poverty and inequality. Analysis of the RIGA cross country dataset paints a clear picture of multiple activities across rural space and diversification across rural households. This is true across countries in all four continents, though less so in the African countries included in the dataset. For most countries the largest share of income stems from off farm activities, and the largest share of households have diversified sources of income. Diversification, not specialization, is the norm, although most countries show significant levels of household specialization in non-agricultural activities as well. Nevertheless, agricultural based sources of income remain critically important for rural livelihoods in all countries, both in terms of the overall share of agriculture in rural incomes as well as the large share of households that still specialize in agricultu ral sources of income.
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    Technical book
    Food, agriculture and rural development
    Current and Emerging Issues for Economic Analysis and Policy Research
    2001
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    This publication contains four in-depth reviews on current and emerging issues in the economic analysis of food, agriculture and rural development, written by well-known scholars in the field. The selection of the issues for in-depth review was the result of a survey conducted among FAO staff involved in policy assistance activities in the main developing regions. Thus, the choice reflects their and, by extension, the policy-makers' perception as to the main research priorities in the economic a nalysis of agriculture, rural development, poverty and food security. A synthesis of the survey results is included as a chapter. The four in-depth reviews concern: (i) new trends in development thinking and implications for agriculture and rural development (by Simon Maxwell and Robin Heber Percy); (ii) causes, characteristics and alleviation strategies for rural poverty, with particular emphasis on Latin America (by Alberto Valdés and Johan A. Mistiaen); (iii) institutions, reform and agricult ural performance (by Pranab Bardhan); and (iv) migration and poverty issues (by J. Edward Taylor).
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    Programme / project report
    Engaging smallholder farmers in sustainable income-generating activities
    Enhancing water productivity in agriculture
    2025
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    The Enhancing Water Productivity project has achieved great success. This booklet documents its achievements in capacity building and the establishment of agribusinesses. The project itself was initiated in response to a request from the Egyptian Government to increase water productivity in agriculture. The project aims to improve the water use efficiency of smallholder farmers by at least 20 percent, increase crop yields by 10 to 20 percent, and boost household income by at least 20 percent within two cropping seasons.The project has four main components, namely modernization of irrigation systems as demonstrated by optimized energy use and water productivity; enhanced technical knowledge and skills of smallholder farmers to effectively promote sustainable irrigation and efficient climate smart water management (CSWM) practices through the implementation of Farmer Field Schools (FFS); enhanced capacity of smallholder farmers to effectively promote modern irrigation technologies and CSWM practices in line with good agricultural practices (GAP) principles; and engagement of smallholder farmers in sustainable income-generating activities to increase their income. Now that the project has been completed, this document describes the results achieved against its objectives and highlights the agribusiness startups that were established.

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