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The Impact of Conditional Cash Transfers in Nicaragua on Consumption, Productive Investments, and Labor Allocation

ESA Working Paper No. 07-11








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    Technical report
    Zimbabwe’s Harmonized Cash Transfer Programme: 12-month impact report on productive activities and labour allocation 2018
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    This impact evaluation report uses a 12-month panel data set with a non-experimental design to analyse the impact of the Harmonized Cash Transfer Programme (HSCT) on individual and household economic decision-making, including agricultural and non-agricultural productive activities and assets, labour-supply credit and social networks. Attention is also paid to the role of household agricultural activities in household nutrition and dietary diversity. The general framework for empirical analysis consists of a double-difference estimation approach with a counterfactual. The findings reveal positive impacts of the HSCT on livelihood and nutrition indicators, although impacts vary based on the degree of labour constraint among beneficiary families.
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    Brochure
    Zimbabwe’s Harmonized Social Cash Transfer Programme: impacts on productive activities and labour allocation 2015
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    Zimbabwe’s Harmonized Social Cash Transfer Programme (HSCT) is implemented by the Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare. The programme is jointly funded by the Government of Zimbabwe, the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF); the latter also provides technical and implementation support. The HSCT is an unconditional social cash transfer that targets food-poor and labour-constrained households. To be eligible for the programme, a household must be living below the food poverty line and unable to meet its most urgent basic needs; and face household labour constraints. Households are considered labour-constrained if they i) have no ablebodied member between the ages of 18 and 59; ii) have one able-bodied member between the ages of 18 and 59 who has to care for more than three dependents; or iii) have a dependency ratio between 2 and 3 with a severely disabled or chronically sick household member who requires intensive care. The HSCT, which was launched in 2012, initially covered ten districts and included 16 637 households. By March 2014, the programme had expanded to 20 districts and included 55 509 households. Efforts continue to expand the programme to reach all 65 districts of Zimbabwe, an estimated coverage of around 250 000 households.
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    Other document
    The Effect of Non-Farm Income on Investment in Bulgarian Family Farming
    ESA Working Paper No. 07-07
    2007
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    This paper documents a relationship between non-farm income (primarily earnings and pensions) and agricultural outlays in Bulgaria, using the 2003 Multitopic Household Survey. The outcomes analyzed are expenditures on working capital (variable inputs such as feed, seed, and herbicides) and investment in livestock. I find that while non-farm income has no significant effect on the probability of purchasing variable inputs, it does have an effect on the amount spent if positive, with an estimated elasticity of 0.14. Non-farm income also has an effect on the number of households that purchase farm animals, with an estimated elasticity of 0.35. The use of non-farm income for farm investment is consistent with the presence of credit constraints, as is the fact that less than one per cent of farmers report outstanding debts for agricultural purposes. Yet it is also noted that many farm households take out large unsecured loans for other purposes, suggesting that a lack of demand for agricult ural borrowing may also be part of the problem.

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