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No Thumbnail AvailableProgramme / project reportAssessment of a vitamin and mineral premix in an artificial feed for pla duk oui (Clarias macrocephalus) fry
Programme for the Development of Pond Management Techniques and Disease Control
1981Also available in:
No results found.Clarias macrocephalus fry were reared on two artificial feeds, one with a vitamin and mineral premix and the other without. The fry, 15 day old fish averaging 0.2 grams each, were stocked at the density of 1,000/m2 in fibre glass tanks and were fed at the presumed rate of 5% of their body weight/day. At termination of the trials (33 days) survival in lots fed on food with the premix was 79% and the average size of the fish was 0.65 g. Survival in the opposing treatment was 35.18% and the avera ge size of the fish was 0.48 g. Cost estimates indicated that the diet with the premix could be prepared for about 10ß (US$0.50)/kg and that 1ß (US$0.05) worth of feed would be required to feed 100 fry for 30 days. -
No Thumbnail AvailableProgramme / project reportWater quality conditions as disease related stressors in Clarias pond culture
Programme for the Development of Pond Management Techniques and Disease Control
1981Also available in:
No results found.Quality characteristics of water in two Clarias culture ponds were monitored through a grow-out cycle then assessed as stressors relating to disease and mortality. The two ponds were part of a small-scale commercial fish farm growing Clarias and Ophicephalus. The culture system was representative of the Clarias practice in Thailand where distressed fish and relatively high mortalities are typical. The two Clarias ponds, about 1,000 m2 each, were stocked with 0.6 g. fingerlings at the rate of 7 7 and 78/m2 on March 1, 1980. The fish were fed a mixture of ground trash fish and rice bran (9:1) then harvested after 5 months giving yields of 3,931 (3.73 kg/m2) and 5,088 kg (5.3 kg/m2) from pond No. 1 and pond No, 2, respectively. Correspondingly, average weights of harvested fish were 122 and 144 g, food conversion ratios were 6.4 and 4.9, and survival rates were 40.3 and 47.4%. Two incidences of relatively high mortalities were observed at the same time in each pond; the first occurred 49 to 53 days after stocking and the second was during the period 120 to 150 days after stocking. Pathological examination of the distressed and dead fish revealed that they were highly infested with Aeromonas sp. bacteria. Water conditions in the ponds were characterized by low Secchi disc transparency (av. 9 and 10 cm. through the grow-out period), very little DO (av. late afternoon values over the last 3 months of 0.8 and 1.3 mg/1), generally high CO2 values (in excess of 20 mg/1 through abou t 60 days of the cycle), high BOD (av2. 8.5 and 8.8 g O2/m3/day), and high un-ionized ammonia (2.2 and 3.0 mg/1, av. through the first 60 days). -
No Thumbnail AvailableProgramme / project reportA bibliography of Clarias (family Claridae) in Thailand
Programme for the Development of Pond Management Techniques and Disease Control
1981Also available in:
No results found.Culture of the walking catfish (chiefly Clarias batrachus with some C. macrocephalus) started in Thailand during the late 1950's. Operations were initially concentrated in proximity to the city of Bangkok but they now occur throughout the country. The current production of farmed Clarias is about 11,000 metric tons/year. A written record of information has accumulated on Clarias and its culture in Thailand over the past 20 years. It largely comprises reports by government agencies and universi ties which account the results of field and laboratory research and of observations on the artisanal practices of Clarias farmers. Most of the reports are recorded in Thai and are in mimeograph or manuscript form but some have been published in local journals, some are written in English and some have an English summary or abstract. This bibliography presents a list of reports, regardless of status, on Clarias in Thailand that were available by June 1981. Although the search for titles was ext ensive some omissions still may occur. Routine “Annual Reports of the Thai Department of Fisheries” which largely present production statistics including some on Clarias from both capture and culture fisheries are not included in the list; they presently exist for the year 1952 to 1978.
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